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The accidental or hostile exposure of individuals to ionizing radiation is of great public and military concern.,〔Flynn DF, Goans RE. Nuclear terrorism: triage and medical management of radiation and combined-injury casualties. Surg Clin North Am. 2006 ;86 :601-36.〕〔Bland SA. Mass casualty management for radiological and nuclear incidents. J R Army Med Corps. 2004;150(3 Suppl 1):27-34.〕 Numerous studies demonstrated that the susceptibility of mammals to systemic infection from endogenous and exogenous organisms increased following exposure to ionizing radiation.〔(Brook I, Elliot T B, Ledney GD, Shomaker MO, Knudson GB. Management of postirradiation infection: lessons learned from animal models. Mil Med. 2004;169:194-7 )〕 The risk of systemic infection is higher whenever there is a combined injury such as burn (including radiation burn or trauma.〔Palmer JL, Deburghgraeve CR, Bird MD, Hauer-Jensen M, Kovacs EJ. Development of a combined radiation and burn injury model. J Burn Care Res. 2011; 32:317-23.〕 There is a direct quantitative relationship between the magnitude of the neutropenia that develops after exposure to radiation and the increased risk of developing infection. Because, no controlled studies of therapeutic intervention in humans are available most of the current recommendations are based on animal research. ==Etiology of infection== The infections can be endogenous originating from the oral and gastrointestinal bacterial flora, and exogenous originating from a breached skin and environment following trauma. The organisms causing endogenous infections are generally Gram negative bacilli such as Enterobacteriaceae (i.e. ''Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus'' spp. ), and ''Pseudomonas aeruginosa.'' Exposure to higher doses of radiation is associated with systemic anaerobic infections due to Gram negative bacilli and gram positive cocci. Fungal infections can also emerge in those that fail antimicrobial therapy and stay febrile for over 7–10 days. Exogenous infections can be caused by organisms that colonize the skin such as ''Staphylococcus aureus'' or ''Streptococcus'' spp. and organisms that are acquired from the environment such as ''Pseudomonas'' spp. Organisms causing sepsis following exposure to ionizing radiation: 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Treatment of infections after exposure to ionizing radiation」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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